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.(b) Verbs of injuring, opposing, displeasing:Noce«; adversor, obst«, repugn«; displice«(c) Verbs of commanding, persuading, trusting, distrusting, spar-ing, pardoning, envying, being angry:Imper«, praecipi«; su§de«, persu§de«; f¿d«; diff¿d«; parc«; ign«sc«;invide«; ¿r§scor, succ¡nse«Fortibus favet fort»na.It is the brave whom fortune favours.Haec r¡s omnibus hominibus nocet.This fact injures the whole world.L¡gibus p§ruit c«nsul.He obeyed the law in his consulship (63).Vict¿s victor pepercit.He spared the vanquished in the hour of victory (63).Note 1. Remember that these verbs must be used impersonally in the passive.Mihi repugn§tur.ÐI am resisted.Tibi diff¿ditur.ÐYou are distrusted.(See 217.)Note 2. Verbs of commanding and persuading often have a noun clauseas their direct object (see 117, 118).When imper« is used in the sense of DATIVE WITH VERBS Exercise XXIXÐ Ð143 demand it has a direct and an indirect object: Pec»niam n«b¿s imper§vit he demanded money from us (ordered us to supply, exacted from us). Note 3. Observe: n»b« vir« I marry a husband ; but d»c« ux«rem I marrya wife. Note 4.C«nf¿d« is used with a dative of the person but with an ablative of thething relied on.246.Some Latin verbs whose meaning is similar to that of verbs givenin 245 are transitive.aid, iuv«, adiuv«; heal, c»r«; please, d¡lect«; harm.laed«, offend«; com-mand, iube«; exhort, hortor.Fort»na fort¡s adiuvat.Fortune helps the bold.Libr¿s m¡ d¡lect«.I amuse myself with books.Offendit n¡minem.He offends nobody.Haec laedunt ocul«s.These things hurt the eyes.247.The impersonal verbs accidit, contingit, expedit, libet, licet, placet,take a dative of indirect object (contrast 234).Hoc tibi d¿cere libet.It is your pleasure, suits your fancy, to say this.248.Many Latin verbs have various shades of meaning according towhich they take an accusative alone, a dative alone (either of the indirectobject or of the person interested), or both accusative and dative.No gener-al rule can be given and the student should continually observe the actualusages of the Latin authors whom he is reading.The following examples,however, should be studied:Host¡s timet he fears the enemy ; f¿li« timet pater the father fears for hisson ; f»rem p«mis timet agricola the farmer fears the thief for hisapples. Sen§tum c«nsulit he consults the senate ; re¿ p»blicae c«nsulit he consid-ers the interests of the state. Foss§s cavet he is on his guard against the ditches ; veter§n¿s c§verat hehad taken care for the veterans ; also: cave« ab t¡ I am on the lookoutagainst you. Tempest§tem pr«spicit he foresees a storm ; sibi pr«spicit he looks out forhimself. Cr¡d« hoc tibi I entrust this to you ; cr¡d« tibi I believe you ; cr¡d« t¡hoc f¡cisse I believe you have done this. Note Observe the distinction between philosophiae vacat he has leisure forphilosophy and culp§ vacat he is free from fault. 144Ð ÐExercise XXIX DATIVE WITH VERBS249.Temper« and moderor in the sense of to govern or direct takethe accusative; when they mean to set limits to they have the dative.Temper§re in the sense of to abstain from, to spare, takes either thedative or § with the ablative.Hanc c¿vit§tem l¡g¡s moderantur.This state is governed by law.(216, Note.)Fac anim« moder¡ris.Be sure you restrain your feelings, or temper.(125, Note.)Ab inermibus or inermibus (dative) temper§tum est.The unarmed were spared.(The past (i.e.perfect) participle of parc« is rare.)250.D«n« takes either a dative of the person and an accusative of thething, or an accusative of the person and an ablative of the thing.Cicer«n¿ immort§lit§tem d«n§vit; or Cicer«nem immort§lit§te d«n§vit.(The Roman people) conferred immortality on Cicero.So in English we may say either I present this to you or I present youwith this. Circumd« has a similar variety of construction:Circumdat m»rum urb¿ or circumdat urbem m»r«.He surrounds the city with a wall.Exercise 29A1.I have long been warning you whom it is your duty to guard against,whom to fear.2.I know that one so good as1 your father will always provide for his chil-dren s safety.3.It is impossible2 to get anyone s approval for such3 a crime as this.4.On my asking4 what I was to do, whether and how and when5 I hadoffended him, he made no reply.1See 224, Note 3.2See 196, Note 2.388, Note.4 To me asking, participle.5Why not cum? (See 157, Note 7.) DATIVE WITH VERBS Exercise XXIXÐ Ð1455.Is it1 your country s interest, or your own that you (pl.) wish consulted?6.I pardoned him for many offences; he ought not to have shown suchcruelty toward you.7.In his2 youth I was his opponent; in his age and weakness I am ready toassist him.8.I foresee many political storms, but I fear neither for the nation s safe-ty nor for my own.B1.It is said that he wrenched the bloody dagger from the assassin, raised3it aloft, and flung it away on the ground.2.Do not (pl.) taunt with his lowly birth one who has done such goodservice to his country.3.It matters not whether4 you cherish anger against me or not.I have nofears for my own safety and you may5 henceforth threaten me withdeath daily, if you please.64.You were believed, and must have7 been believed; for all were agreed(imperf.) that you had never broken your word.5.He complained that the office with which the nation had just entrusted8him had not only been shared with others, but would be entirely takenaway from him, by this law.6.You have deprived us of our liberties and rights in our absence (61),and perhaps tomorrow you will wrench from us our lives and fortunes.7.The soldiers were all slain to a man, but the unarmed were spared.91See 156.263.3Participle passive.(15.)4See 168.5Future of licet.(See 198.)6See 191.7See 201.8Mood?9See 249. 146Ð ÐExercise XXX DATIVE WITH VERBS8.We are all of us1 ignorant of the reason2 for so gentle a prince as oursexacting from his subjects such enormous quantities of corn andmoney.9.He never spared any one3 who had withstood him, or pardoned any whohad injured him.10.I have always wished your interests protected; but I did not wish one soincautious4 and rash as you to be consulted on (d¡) this matter.EXERCISE XXXDATIVEII.Dative with Verbs251.The verb sum is either a copulative (linking) verb (Intr.35), anauxiliary verb, or means I exist ; in none of these senses can it have adirect object.But the person who is interested is indicated by the dative.Erat e¿ dom¿ f¿lia.He had a daughter at home.Mihi hoc »tile est.This is useful for me.The compounds of sum are intransitive verbs and may take a dative.Mihi adfuit, h¿s r¡bus n«n interfuit.He gave me the benefit5 of his presence, he took no part in these matters.Note ! nsum, however, is frequently followed by the ablative with the prepo-sition in; and absum by the ablative with §, ab.252.When a simple verb is compounded with a preposition, with re-,or with the adverbs satis, bene, male, its meaning is changed.Whether thecompound verb is transitive or intransitive does not depend upon the tran-sitive or intransitive nature of the simple verb but upon the meaning of thecompound verb itself.1See 225.2See 174.3Use n¡m« umquam.4Use incautus.(224, Note 3.)5A very common meaning of adsum with dative, I am at hand to aid. DATIVE WITH VERBS Exercise XXXÐ Ð147No infallible rule can therefore be given about the construction usedwith compound verbs.The most that can be said is that very many com-pound verbs, because of their meaning, take a dative of the indirect object,and that many of them take an accusative of the direct object as well.253.(i) Many compound verbs are intransitive and take a dative of theindirect object only
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