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.The United States had recently taken up the lease of a base at Argen-tia under the destroyers-for-bases deal.The meeting, code-namedOperation Riviera, was highly secret; so far as the U.S.public wasconcerned, Roosevelt was on a fishing trip.The meeting marked an important stage in the transition of theUnited States from a neutral to a nonbelligerent ally of Great Brit-ain, as Roosevelt, Churchill, and their staffs discussed war plans inthe event of the United States entering the war.Most importantly,they agreed to a strategy of dealing with Germany first, essentiallyendorsing the ABC-1 agreements reached earlier in the year by theirmilitary planning staffs.They agreed that, if possible, Japan shouldbe dealt with firmly, but that a breach in relations should be avoidedwhile the British war with Germany continued.A joint note to Japanwas drafted, threatening it with joint action if it continued to actaggressively.The note was considerably watered down from theoriginal proposed by Churchill, though Secretary of State CordellHull, who was not present at the meeting, regarded it as danger-ously strong. Having just visited Moscow, Harry Hopkins reported on the de-termination of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) toresist the German invasion.A joint note was sent to Soviet PremierJosef Stalin proposing a three-power conference; this eventuallytook place as the 1941 Moscow Conference on supply matters.Roosevelt agreed to a set of general war aims with Churchill, knownas the Atlantic Charter, and this meeting has been seen as markingthe firm reentry of the United States into the leading role in worldaffairs that had been abdicated after 1919.PLAN DOG.In the fall of 1940, during World War II, U.S.militaryplanners set out to adapt the existing contingency plans for strategyin the event that the United States entered the war.Admiral Har-old R.Stark, chief of naval operations, produced a memorandumfor the Joint Planning Board of the two armed forces, to flesh outplans for the scenarios of the Rainbow Plans.He outlined fourplans.The one with the most potential, he believed, was Plan D, or POLAND " 283Plan Dog.This proposed holding operations against Japan whileseeking the defeat of Germany.Plan Dog was favored by the plan-ners.It was discussed with Great Britain and Canada in the ABCtalks of January March 1941 and encapsulated in the ABC-1 plan.This was largely approved by President Franklin D.Rooseveltand British Prime Minister Winston Churchill at their PlacentiaBay Meeting.PLATT AMENDMENT (1901).Introduced in the U.S.Senate inFebruary 1901 as an amendment to a military appropriations bill, thePlatt Amendment was presented by Orville Platt of Connecticut butcomposed by Secretary of War Elihu Root.It attached conditions toU.S.approval of independence for Cuba.The terms of the amend-ment were required to be written into the Cuban constitution.Mostnotably, Cuba was required to accept the right of the United States to intervene for the preservation of Cuban independence, the mainte-nance of a government adequate for the protection of life, property,and individual liberty. Cuba also was required to sell or lease to theUnited States lands necessary for coaling or naval stations at certainspecified points to be agreed upon with the President of the UnitedStates. Military intervention under the measure came in 1906 and1912.The Platt Amendment secured U.S.dominance of the island andwas deeply resented by nationalist Cubans.In 1934, as a result ofa shift in the manner in which the United States chose to exerciseits hegemony, the amendment was abrogated and the treaty encap-sulating it abandoned.There was one exception: the United Statesretained the base at Guantánamo Bay.See also GOOD NEIGHBORPOLICY.POLAND.Created at the end of World War I, the republic of Polandbecame a major issue for U.S.foreign policy in the second half ofWorld War II.Differences developed between the United States,Great Britain, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR),notably with regard to Poland s frontiers and the composition of itsgovernment.Soviet Premier Josef Stalin demanded that Poland con-cede its eastern territory to the USSR.This was agreed to at the 1943Teheran Conference, with Poland to be compensated with territory 284 " POLAR BEAR EXPEDITIONfrom Germany.President Franklin D.Roosevelt agreed with Stalinthat Poland should have a government friendly to the USSR, but healso wanted it to be selected by democratic means.At the 1945 Yalta Conference, an agreement was reached tocreate a provisional Polish government by expanding the com-munist administration the USSR had established in Lublin withthe addition of members of the Polish Home Army resistance or-ganization and from the exiled Polish government in London.Thefailure of the USSR to keep to this agreement was a major causeof the deterioration of relations at the start of the administrationof President Harry S.Truman
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